How Do Mechanical Watches Work? - Complete Guide

Introduction:

In essence, mechanical watches run without batteries by converting stored energy in a coiled spring into precise, regulated motion via a gear train and escapement. Manual winding watches require the wearer to wind the crown to tension the mainspring, while automatic watches (also called self-winding watches) use a rotor that spins with wrist movement to keep the spring wound. Below, we break down each part and process, then wrap up with an outline highlighting Behrens watches innovation and philosophy.

1. Core Components of a Mechanical Watch

1.1 Mainspring

The mainspring is a tightly coiled strip of metal that stores potential energy when wound—either by hand or by a rotor mechanism.

1.2 Gear Train

Once released, the energy from the mainspring travels through a series of gears (the gear train), reducing speed and transmitting torque to the escapement.

1.3 Escapement

The escapement controls that energy release. It “ticks” by allowing the gear train to advance in precise increments, transferring impulses to the balance wheel via the pallet fork.

1.4 Balance Wheel & Hairspring

The balance wheel oscillates back and forth, regulated by the hairspring (or balance spring). Each oscillation divides time into equal segments, defining the watch’s accuracy.

1.5 Jewels & Bearings

Synthetic ruby or sapphire jewels at pivot points reduce friction and wear, ensuring smooth gear movement and long-term durability GQ.

2. Manual Winding Watches

In manual winding watches, you rotate the crown to wind the mainspring directly. This tightens the spring, storing energy that gradually unwinds over typically 36–48 hours of runtime. Enthusiasts appreciate the ritual of daily winding, which deepens their connection to the timepiece.

3. Automatic & Self-Winding Watches

Automatic watches, also known as self-winding watches, add a weighted rotor that spins with wrist motion. Each movement of your arm winds the mainspring incrementally, maintaining power as long as the watch is worn. This automatic winding mechanism can build a reserve of 40 to 80 hours—some extend even further—blending convenience with mechanical artistry.

4. Key Differences & Choosing Your Watch

5. Why Mechanical Watches Matter

• Craftsmanship & Heritage: Each mechanical watch embodies centuries of horological evolution, from the mainspring invention in the 15th century to modern precision escapements.
  

• Sustainability: No batteries required; energy is purely mechanical.
  

• Emotional Connection: The tactile ritual of winding and the smooth sweep of the seconds hand foster a unique bond.

6. Behrens Innovations in Mechanical Timepieces

Behrens stand out for their inventive spirit and mechanical excellence. Their design philosophy—rooted in “Mechanical Enthusiasm”—merges art and engineering, yielding timepieces that are both playful and precise. From the celestial-themed Perigee to the feather-light Ultra-Light 20 g, Behrens crafts automatic and manual winding mechanical watches that challenge conventions and celebrate the joy of mechanical motion.

Whether you’re exploring a manual winding watch for the ritual or an automatic watch for everyday ease, understanding these inner workings will deepen your appreciation for the living art that is mechanical horology.